Brazilian Public Policies for the Prevention and Control of Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Scoping Review

Iron deficiency anemia remains a major public health concern in Brazil, particularly among children, pregnant women, and women of childbearing age. This scoping review aimed to map the trend line of public policies on iron supplementation and food fortification implemented between 1977 and 2025. The review followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, and included searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, and official government documents. Three main strategies were identified: iron supplementation, mandatory food fortification, and nutrition education. Key milestones included the National Iron Supplementation Program, the 2002 ANVISA Resolution (RDC No. 344/2002) mandating wheat and corn flour fortification, and the launch of the NutriSUS program in 2014. Despite important normative and programmatic advances, persistent critical issues remain, including low adherence, inadequate monitoring, data discontinuity, and bureaucratic barriers. Strengthening intergovernmental coordination, improving information systems, and adopting more bioavailable iron compounds are essential to increase the effectiveness of public policies aimed at preventing and controlling iron deficiency anemia in Brazil.