Emerging Imaging Techniques and Clinical Insights in Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Brain Injury

Background: Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) is a common and clinically significant component of traumatic brain injury (TBI), contributing to complications such as vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia, and long-term neurological impairment. This review examines how contemporary imaging approaches enhance the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of tSAH. Methods: A systematic search of major databases identified studies evaluating imaging strategies relevant to tSAH within the broader context of TBI. Results: CT remains the primary modality for acute identification of subarachnoid blood and associated mass effect, while MRI offers greater sensitivity for soft-tissue injury and secondary pathological changes. Quantitative and functional imaging techniques provide emerging insights into microstructural damage, perfusion disturbances, and metabolic dysfunction, though their integration into routine clinical practice remains limited. Conclusion: Imaging plays a central role in the evaluation of tSAH and supports key clinical decisions throughout TBI management. Standard methods such as CT and MRI remain indispensable, while newer quantitative and functional techniques may refine risk stratification and enable more personalized care as evidence for their clinical utility continues to grow.