Review of Multi‐Energy Coupling and Resilience Control in Cyber Physical Energy Systems Under Extreme Disasters

ABSTRACT Extreme disasters, including both natural hazards and malicious intrusions, pose severe risks to cyber‐physical energy systems (CPES). Due to tight coupling, their impacts are amplified by physical destruction, cyber degradation, multi‐energy interdependencies and human behaviour. As a result, localised disruptions may escalate into cascading failures. Current research still faces persistent challenges: characterising amplification mechanisms, coping with scarce data and degraded information quality and coordinating decision‐making and restoration under emergencies. Recent studies begin to address these issues through cross‐domain modelling, hybrid detection, distributed control and multi‐energy collaborative recovery, increasingly supported by intelligent learning and embodied agents. Building on these insights, the paper outlines future directions towards integrated resilience frameworks that connect modelling, detection, defence and recovery, thereby enhancing the adaptive capacity of CPES under extreme disasters.