A multicentre validation study of the Swedish version of the Normalization Process Theory Measure S-NoMAD

The CFA results indicate that the S-NoMAD has good psychometric properties for capturing perceptions of people involved in various Swedish implementation studies conducted in both health and social care contexts, demonstrating its general applicability. They show that the S-NoMAD, unlike the majority of instruments for evaluation of implementation processes, is not context- and intervention-specific. The findings highlight the utility of the S-NoMAD and show that it meets some important criteria for pragmatic measures. Further studies are warranted on different interventions implemented in diverse contexts regarding the meaning of the magnitude of the NoMAD scores in order to clarify its potential value as a tool for assessment of implementation strategies and on psychometric properties beyond construct validity and internal construct reliability, for example on test-retest reliability and longitudinal studies focusing on responsiveness.