Unravelling the inter and intra species variations in cultivated yam (Dioscorea sp) landraces in Bangladesh through phenotypic traits, proximate compositions and mineral nutrients

<h2>Abstract</h2> Yam (<i>Dioscorea sp</i>.), an underutilized crop, is now emerging as a global superfood due to its rich source of essential dietary nutrient profile, vivid coloration, palatable flavor and therapeutic benefits. This study aimed to clarify the genetic diversity of the commonly cultivated yam landraces in Bangladesh. In this study, the phenotypic characteristics, proximate compositions and mineral nutrients of thirty landraces of yam from five different species grown in Bangladesh were assessed. We tested for 32 phenotypic attributes, 7 proximate components, and 11 mineral elements in the experimental materials. All the phenotypic variables demonstrated substantial variation, both within and across species. Considering the phenotypic traits, tuber number showed the highest variation while internode length had the lowest variation. Phenotypic diversity was greatest in <i>D. oppositifolia</i> and <i>D. alata</i> and lowest in <i>D. dumetorum</i>. <i>D. alata</i> and <i>D. bulbifera</i> had the highest nutritional profiles, with high levels of carbohydrate, protein, and iron. The study uncovered the unique traits and untapped potential of yam, paving the way for their future development and application in breeding, germplasm protection and utilization.