Global hotspots and development trends in the new generation of artificial heart valves based on bibliometric analysis from 1991 to 2024

• Bibliometric mapping reveals AHVs dynamic evolution (1991–2024). • Hybrid bibliometric-traditional review framework identifies future trends. • Innovation in polymer synthesis and antibacterial interfaces matters. • Multiscale optimization in geometry and fibrous structure mitigates leaflet retraction. • Computational-driven paradigms reshape next-generation valve development. Valvular heart disease (VHD) is a pivotal factor contributing significantly to the global burden of morbidity and mortality. To address the limitations of clinically available heart valve prostheses, the new-generation artificial heart valves (AHVs) have experienced tremendous technical evolution and may develop into potentially viable therapeutic options. This paper aims to explore the research foundation, hotspots, and trends in the field of AHVs in the last three decades in terms of structural and temporal dynamics. The 1314 publications in total were indexed in the Web of Science serving as the research sample; while the bibliometric analysis was conducted by utilizing Citespace software for detecting and visualizing. Results reveal steady growth in publications, dense citation networks, and multidisciplinary collaborations. Temporal analysis identified four developmental stages: exploratory (1991–1999), rapid growth (2000–2009), breakthroughs (2010–2019), and clinical translation challenges (2020–2024). Three major and active research clusters were identified: VHD ( e.g., aortic valve stenosis and infective endocarditis ), tissue engineered heart valves ( e.g., nanofiber and trilayered ) and polymeric heart valves ( e.g., polyurethane and special design ). Emerging trends ( e.g., 3D printing, fluid-structure interaction simulations ) highlight computational design paradigms. Limitations include database language bias and citation lag effects. Accordingly, we propose that the primary challenges and future research directions encompass: (i) developing novel synthetic materials to enhance durability and incorporate antibacterial interfaces for infection prevention; (ii) implementing multiscale optimization strategies involving both geometric and microstructural features to mitigate leaflet retraction; and (iii) advancing computer-assisted patient-specific modeling and 3D manufacturing. This study establishes a hybrid framework combining bibliometric trends with traditional review methods, offering interdisciplinary solutions for accelerating AHV innovation from computational design to clinical translation.