<scp>EAACI</scp> Guidelines on the Importance of Green Space in Urban Environments for Allergy and Asthma Prevention

The allergy and asthma epidemic in urban societies following World War II is mostly caused by changes in the environment, diet and lifestyle. Disconnection of urban populations from the wider environment has reduced the protective factors building up immunological resilience. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) guidelines on greenness impact on allergy and asthma follow the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach and provide eight recommendations encouraging greenness exposure to support immune health. Controlled follow-up studies are still scarce, and the strength of evidence is generally low or moderate at best. For primary prevention of allergy and asthma, most of the evidence indicates beneficial effects. Exposure is also useful for secondary prevention. Asthma patients may feel better and need less medication by combining green space exposure with physical activity. During the high-pollen season, effective seasonal medication is necessary for patients with pollen allergy. In urban planning, implementing appropriate green infrastructure and easy access to green space promotes immune health and reduces risks of air pollution and heatwaves. These EAACI guidelines are the first recommendations highlighting the importance of urban green spaces on immune health and call for prioritising innovative research in this field.

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Publication Details

Journal
Allergy
Published
2025-12-13
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1111/all.70182
Citations
3
Primary Topic
Urban Green Space and Health
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
3.60
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article

EAACI Guidelines on the Importance of Green Space in Urban Environments for Allergy and Asthma Prevention

Claudia Traidl‐Hoffmann, Isabella Pali‐Schöll, Carina Venter, Tari Haahtela et al.
3 citations
Allergy
Urban Green Space and Health
3.60
article

EAACI Guidelines on the Importance of Green Space in Urban Environments for Allergy and Asthma Prevention

Claudia Traidl‐Hoffmann, Isabella Pali‐Schöll, Carina Venter, Tari Haahtela, Inês Paciência, Mübeccel Akdiş, Jürgen Schwarze, Kari Christine Nadeau, Ioana Agache, Marilyn Urrutia‐Pereira, Óscar Palomares, Liam O’Mahony, Tonya Winders, Harald Renz, Donata Vercelli, Cezmi A. Akdiş, Marek Jutel, Stefano R. Del Giacco, Athanasios Damialis, Antti Lauerma, Panagiotis Chaslaridis, Ozlem Ceylan
article en
3 citations

Abstract

The allergy and asthma epidemic in urban societies following World War II is mostly caused by changes in the environment, diet and lifestyle. Disconnection of urban populations from the wider environment has reduced the protective factors building up immunological resilience. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) guidelines on greenness impact on allergy and asthma follow the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach and provide eight recommendations encouraging greenness exposure to support immune health. Controlled follow-up studies are still scarce, and the strength of evidence is generally low or moderate at best. For primary prevention of allergy and asthma, most of the evidence indicates beneficial effects. Exposure is also useful for secondary prevention. Asthma patients may feel better and need less medication by combining green space exposure with physical activity. During the high-pollen season, effective seasonal medication is necessary for patients with pollen allergy. In urban planning, implementing appropriate green infrastructure and easy access to green space promotes immune health and reduces risks of air pollution and heatwaves. These EAACI guidelines are the first recommendations highlighting the importance of urban green spaces on immune health and call for prioritising innovative research in this field.

AllergyVol. 81(3)
Tongji University (CN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES), University of Helsinki (FI), University of Arizona (US), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (AT), University of Cagliari (IT), University of Augsburg (DE), National University of Ireland (IE), University of Zurich (CH), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GR), Brazilian Medical Association (BR), Oulu University Hospital (FI), Helsinki University Hospital (FI), Transylvania University of Brașov (RO), Wroclaw Medical University (PL), Children's Hospital Colorado (US), German Center for Lung Research (DE), European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients Associations (BE), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (DE), Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (TZ), APC Microbiome Institute (IE), Centre for Inflammation Research (GB), Teknoloji Arastirma ve Gelistirme Endustriyel Urunler Bilisim Teknolojileri San Tic (TR), Harvard Global Health Institute (US), All-Med (PL), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (US), Oulu University of Applied Sciences (FI), Universidade Federal do Pampa (BR), Medical University of Vienna (AT), University of Colorado Denver (US), University of Oulu (FI), University of Edinburgh (GB)
Openalex Percentile: Top 7%
Urban Green Space and Health
3.60
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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