Effective Strategy to Analyze the Performance of Perovskite Solar Modules

ABSTRACT As a third‐generation photovoltaic technology, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved record‐breaking power conversion efficiencies (PCEs > 27%) alongside industrial‐grade operational stability, yet their commercialization hinges on resolving scale‐up bottlenecks in perovskite solar module (PSM) fabrication. This study pioneers a data envelopment analysis (DEA) framework to evaluate eight industrial PSM designs by quantifying manufacturing inputs (device costs and process steps) against performance outputs (PCE, degradation resistance). Results identify Pareto‐optimal candidates (DMUs with CTE = 1) that simultaneously achieve < 5¢ W −1 production costs and roll‐to‐roll process compatibility, directly aligning with US DOE's photovoltaic cost roadmaps. By bridging materials innovation and high‐throughput manufacturing metrics, this work establishes actionable guidelines to accelerate GW‐year −1 deployment of PSMs while maintaining stoichiometric adaptability.