Advancing Metal‐Organic Framework‐Based Photocatalysts for Sustainable Wastewater Remediation: Synthesis, Engineering, and Mechanistic Insights

ABSTRACT The escalating challenge of industrial wastewater demands advanced treatment technologies that surpass the efficacy of conventional methods. Photocatalysis based on metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) represents a transformative approach, benchmarked by its ambient operational conditions, exceptional energy efficiency, and complete mineralization capability. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of state‐of‐the‐art MOF synthesis strategies, covering both conventional hydrothermal/solvothermal methods and emerging approaches. It critically assesses their distinct advantages and inherent limitations while offering forward‐looking perspectives to guide subsequent research. Furthermore, the work systematically categorizes key modification strategies, such as transition metal doping, Z‐scheme/S‐scheme heterojunctions, defect engineering, MOF‐derived composites. Despite significant progress, critical challenges remain in MOF stability and the mechanistic understanding required for practical application.