EFL learning, religious faith and globalization in Indonesia's <i>pesantren</i>

Abstract Increasing global demands to teach and learn English in religious educational institutions remain high, yet little EFL research has been conducted in such contexts. Using Indonesia's Islamic educational institutions (i.e., the pesantren) as a focus of analysis, this article seeks to narrow that gap by examining the key factors driving EFL integration, strategies for connecting religious faith with English learning, and the pedagogical challenges involved. A rapid literature review reveals that EFL integration is influenced by global, national, religious, institutional, and societal factors. To harmonize religious faith with global engagement in English education, the pesantren adopts several strategies, which include contextualized learning, cultural competence development, collaborative learning, the use of authentic resources, and reflective language practice. Despite these efforts, challenges persist, potentially hindering the effective implementation of English instruction. EFL learning in the pesantren is evolving to meet global demands while preserving its religious identity.