Investment-Driven Vaccine Market Dynamics under a Filippov System Framework

As a critical link between global public health systems and economic development, the vaccine market’s dynamic stability and regulatory mechanisms hold significant practical importance. This study proposes a dynamic vaccine market model based on the Filippov system, integrating investment strategies and government incentives to reveal the dynamic evolution of supply, production capacity and demand over time. Based on Filippov theory and numerical analysis, we examine the existence of sliding regions and sliding dynamics. Our research demonstrates the presence of repelling sliding regions and stable pseudo-equilibrium. Furthermore, we analyze the bifurcation induced by switching surfaces, where pseudo-equilibrium collides with the tangent point. Numerical simulations indicate that, under different initial market conditions, prices exert varying impacts on supply and demand. This study offers a novel perspective on the intersection of nonsmooth dynamical systems and market regulation, providing guidance for investment decisions and policymaking.