5′ UTR-mediated retention of eIF3 on 80S ribosomes promotes co-translational folding of ER membrane proteins

Co-translational folding of nascent polypeptides is essential for protein function and cellular homeostasis. Ribosome-associated chaperones assist in this process, but coordination between their recruitment and translation initiation remains poorly understood. We report here that specific binding sites for eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF3 within the 5' UTRs of mRNAs promote its retention on 80S ribosomes during the synthesis of select endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane proteins. Disruption of these eIF3 binding sites leads to misfolding and sequestration of newly synthesized membrane proteins into ER whorls. Sequestration into ER whorls is exacerbated by HSP70 inhibition but can be rescued by overexpressing HSPA1 and HSPA8. Cross-linking assays reveal that 5' UTR binding sites stabilize eIF3-80S interactions during early elongation, facilitating recruitment of HSPA1 and HSPA8 to ribosomes. These findings indicate that genetic instructions within 5' UTRs direct eIF3-mediated chaperone recruitment, ensuring proper co-translational folding of ER membrane proteins.