VVI-GFM: A Voltage Vector-Informed Grid-Forming Control for Postdisturbance Fast Synchronization Recovery

Maintaining synchronization stability after large grid disturbances is a vital requirement for grid-forming (GFM) converters. Existing enhanced GFM control strategies are often designed for a specific disturbance scenario, requiring extended recovery times or exhibiting frequency fluctuations. This paper reveals that synchronization instability triggered by two typical grid disturbance events, phase jumps and voltage sags, can be unified according to underlying similarities during the post-disturbance recovery. Based on these insights, this paper proposes a novel voltage vector-informed grid-forming (VVI-GFM) control strategy by fully leveraging the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$</tex-math></inline-formula>/<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$</tex-math></inline-formula> components of the point of common coupling (PCC) voltage vector, which can offer fast synchronization recovery and minimize frequency deviations under both phase jumps and voltage sags. The post-disturbance dynamics of the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$</tex-math></inline-formula>/<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q$</tex-math></inline-formula> components of the PCC voltage vector are quantitatively characterized, thus mechanistically demonstrating the effectiveness and applicability of the VVI-GFM control. Moreover, detailed guidelines about the feedforward path design and critical control parameter calculation are provided to ensure normal operation across varying grid strengths. Simulations and experimental results under diverse grid disturbance scenarios further validate the advantages and robustness of the proposed control strategy.