Factors affecting hospital-acquired infections in hospitalized patients in iran: a qualitative study

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a major and complex challenge in healthcare systems, particularly in developing countries, causing significant harm to patients and the community. This study aimed to explore the key factors contributing to HAIs in hospital settings. Using a Grounded Theory approach, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2025 with 30 experts and specialists in HAIs. Snowball sampling continued until data saturation was reached. Participants were required to have at least one year of relevant experience and provide informed consent. Analysis identified three main themes, six subcategories, and 54 key statements. The themes were service recipients (patients), hospital environment, and service providers. Patient-related factors included health status and care processes. Hospital environment factors comprised management, physical structure, and hygiene. Service provider factors involved organizational and managerial practices. Identifying the causes of HAIs can guide hospital managers and policymakers in implementing effective infection control programs. Targeted interventions based on these findings can reduce infection rates, lower healthcare costs, and enhance patient safety in hospital settings.