Cognition and postural balance in young adults: Investigating the limits of cognitive involvement in motor automaticity

Links between cognition and balance are well established in older adults and athletes, but evidence in healthy young adults is limited. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between cognitive domains (processing speed, working memory, and inhibition) and static and dynamic balance in 62 adults aged 18-45 years. Participants completed cognitive tests (Deary-Liewald, Stroop, N-back) and balance assessments (Sway Medical App, Y Balance Test). Correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed no significant association between cognition and balance, while a higher BMI was associated with poorer dynamic balance. These findings suggest that in early adulthood, postural stability during single-task assessments may rely on automated motor control rather than cognitive processes. This could support the idea of early adulthood as a period of motor autonomy. Future research should test complex or dual-task conditions to identify potential cognitive involvement and inform early interventions for lifelong motor-cognitive health.