Kinematic differences in smash techniques between elite singles and doubles badminton players: Upper/lower trunk and upper limb analysis

The study aims to compare elite singles and doubles badminton players’ smash technique. This study recruited a total of 7 elite singles players and 9 elite doubles badminton players. A motion analysis system with 11 infrared cameras (sampling frequency of 400 Hz) collected data on the technique of standing smashes. The independent samples t-test was employed to analyze the differences between doubles and singles players in their joint kinematics and performative aspects. Singles players had significantly higher shuttlecock speed than doubles players (p＜0.05). Doubles players had significantly higher peak shoulder adduction angular velocities than singles players, but singles players had significantly higher peak shoulder abduction angular velocities than doubles players. Singles players also had significantly higher peak wrist joint palmar flexion angular velocities than doubles players. In addition, singles players had significantly higher peak linear accelerations in the upper trunk joint center than doubles players. In conclusion, this study has elucidated distinct stroke patterns in the upper trunk, shoulder, and wrist among elite singles and doubles badminton players, due to variations in technique and tactical preferences. Specifically, singles players exhibit quicker shoulder abduction and wrist dorsal flexion, alongside higher peak linear forward acceleration in the upper trunk, whereas doubles players employ swifter shoulder adduction to attain racket speed at impact. These findings highlight the difference in playing style and technical prerequisites between singles and doubles badminton players, emphasizing the necessity for tailored training programs tailored to each player category.