Non-Haar Random Circuits form Unitary Designs as Fast as Haar Random Circuits

The unitary design formation in random circuits has attracted considerable attention due to its wide range of practical applications and relevance to fundamental physics. While the formation rates in Haar random circuits have been extensively studied in previous works, it remains an open question how these rates are affected by the choice of local randomizers. In this Letter, we prove that the circuit depths required for general non-Haar random circuits to form unitary designs are upper bounded by those for the corresponding Haar random circuits, up to a constant factor independent of the system size. This result is derived in a broad range of circuit structures, including one- and higher-dimensional lattices, geometrically nonlocal configurations, and even extremely shallow circuits with patchwork architectures. We provide specific applications of these results in randomized benchmarking and random circuit sampling, and also discuss their implications for quantum many-body physics. Our results lays the foundation for flexible and robust randomness generation in real-world experiments, and offers new insights into chaotic dynamics in complex quantum systems.

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Publication Details

Journal
Physical Review Letters
Published
2025-12-12
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/q172-8cmt
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Quantum many-body systems
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.25
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article

Non-Haar Random Circuits form Unitary Designs as Fast as Haar Random Circuits

Karl J. Friston
1 citations
Physical Review Letters
Quantum many-body systems
1.25
article

Non-Haar Random Circuits form Unitary Designs as Fast as Haar Random Circuits

Karl J. Friston
article en
1 citations

Abstract

The unitary design formation in random circuits has attracted considerable attention due to its wide range of practical applications and relevance to fundamental physics. While the formation rates in Haar random circuits have been extensively studied in previous works, it remains an open question how these rates are affected by the choice of local randomizers. In this Letter, we prove that the circuit depths required for general non-Haar random circuits to form unitary designs are upper bounded by those for the corresponding Haar random circuits, up to a constant factor independent of the system size. This result is derived in a broad range of circuit structures, including one- and higher-dimensional lattices, geometrically nonlocal configurations, and even extremely shallow circuits with patchwork architectures. We provide specific applications of these results in randomized benchmarking and random circuit sampling, and also discuss their implications for quantum many-body physics. Our results lays the foundation for flexible and robust randomness generation in real-world experiments, and offers new insights into chaotic dynamics in complex quantum systems.

Physical Review LettersVol. 136(3)
The University of Tokyo (JP), Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
Openalex Percentile: Top 15%
Quantum many-body systems
1.25
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