Insights into MXene-Based Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

MXenes, a family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, have emerged as promising materials for energy storage and conversion. Their hydrophilicity, metallic conductivity, and solution processability make them suitable for catalytic applications. However, challenges such as structural instability, limited active sites, and complex surface chemistry hinder their practical use. Recent efforts have focused on enhancing MXene-based catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) through structural engineering and hybridization with layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and transition metal oxides (TMOs). This Perspective summarizes key developments in understanding the intrinsic properties of MXenes and their impact on catalytic performance. Moreover, mechanistic insights, ongoing challenges, and opportunities for the rational design of multifunctional MXene hybrids are highlighted. Addressing these fundamental issues will be essential for unlocking the full potential of MXenes in sustainable energy conversion technologies.