Comparative bioactive compounds in the leaves, petals, and hips of two wild rose species: Persian yellow rose (Rosa foetida Herrm.) and dog rose (Rosa canina L.)

Abstract It is crucial to seek new sources of natural bioactive compounds, especially as consumers prioritize food quality. In this context, this study compares the bioactive compounds of the Persian yellow rose (Rosa foetida), which has received less attention than the dog rose (Rosa canina). While extensive research has highlighted the valuable properties of R. canina hips, such as their vitamin C content, antioxidant capacity, and medicinal uses, this study indicates that other parts of the plant may also be rich in nutrients. The comparison of the bioactive properties of these two species in leaves, petals, and hips revealed distinct distribution patterns of the measured compounds throughout different parts of the plant. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were significantly higher in the leaves of both R. foetida and R. canina compared to petals and hips, with the leaves of R. foetida exhibiting the highest levels. Vitamin C was primarily concentrated in the hips of both species, with R. foetida hips showing 33.14% more vitamin C than R. canina hips. Additionally, the hips of R. foetida contained the highest anthocyanin levels with 65.43 mg/100 g of fresh weight. Antioxidant capacity had a distinct pattern, with the leaves of both species showing high levels. Overall, the study emphasizes the need for further research into the diverse uses of R. foetida, given its superior bioactive profile and distinct morphological traits.