Integrating archaeology and materials science: a review of multidisciplinary analysis of bricks from medieval Serbian buildings

This research review investigates the production technology of medieval Serbian bricks through a multidisciplinary approach combining archaeology and materials science. Conducted over two decades – 1980s and 1990s, the study utilised various analytical methods, including chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, electron paramagnetic resonance, and differential thermal analysis, to determine the composition, microstructure, and firing conditions of bricks from Serbian monasteries. Results indicate that medieval craftsmen employed controlled firing techniques, using a polymineral raw material mixture and optimising temperature conditions to enhance durability. The findings confirm archaeological theories regarding historical brick-making processes, and provide valuable data for the preservation of cultural heritage. By establishing a methodological framework for analyzing archaeological ceramics, this study contributes to both historical and scientific research. The integration of materials science in archaeology enables a deeper understanding of past technological advancements, supporting further studies in cultural heritage conservation and the history of medieval construction materials.