ALPHA SYNUCLEIN REGULATION IN BRAIN AND BONE MARROW IS RELETED TO THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF <i>GATA1</i> TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR

Alpha-synuclein (α-syn), is a protein abundantly expressed in the central nervous system and in the erythrocytes, playing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and other synucleinopathies. Among the GATA family transcription factors (TFs), GATA1 and GATA2 regulate the meg-erythrocytic differentiation starting from the hematopoietic stem cell. In erythropoiesis, the GATA1-2 switching, is known to regulate the α-syn gene (SNCA) expression, which is essential for iron metabolism and membrane stability. Abnormalities in α-syn regulation alter erythrocytic function, possibly contributing to pathological mechanisms of different synucleinopathies. Due to this potential role for GATA1 in synucleinopathies we aimed to underline the effects of GATA1 downregulation on aging and α-syn expression. To this aim we explored the contribution of hematological alteration in the development of neurodegenerative disorder by analyzing the different organs from the Gata1low mice, as model of aging and Myelofibrosis. Bone marrow and brain section from young and aged Gata1low mice showed significant differences in the α-syn expression compared to their relative controls, suggesting a trend in α-syn aggregation that increases with aging. In the brain, the GATA1 expression was reduced in aged Gata1low mice and resulted in shrinker neurons with mitochondrial alterations. The bone marrow from aged Gata1low mice was characterized by increased level of inflammatory cytokine as TGF-β, that parallel the different expression and the aggregation of α-syn. Moreover, morphological determinations revealed that α-syn expression was related to cells resembling the most immature myeloid phenotype (i.e. Reticulocytes). These results suggest the pivotal role of GATA1 TF in the regulation of α-syn expression and aggregation, highlighting the potential role of GATA1 and bone marrow in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies.