A Comprehensive Methodology for Identifying Cadastral Plots Suitable for the Construction of Photovoltaic Farms: The Energy Transformation of the Częstochowa Poviat

In the era of growing energy demand and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the development of renewable energy sources, including photovoltaic farms, is becoming a key element of a sustainable energy transition. In this context, the careful selection of cadastral plots on which farms can be built is crucial, as appropriate location influences the investment’s energy efficiency and minimizes environmental and planning risks. This article presents a proprietary methodology for identifying cadastral plots that are suitable for locating a photovoltaic farm. The presented methodology integrates the Fuzzy-AHP multi-criteria analysis method and the Fuzzy Membership fuzzy logic method, thereby reducing the subjectivity of expert assessments and improving the accuracy of estimating the values of factors considered in the research. A key element of the methodology is a detailed analysis of land and building register data, which results in the identification of specific plots with high investment potential. The multi-criteria analysis considered eight key factors related to climate, terrain, land cover, and cadastral data. Based on this, eight plots and 32 plot complexes were selected as the most suitable for the construction of PV farms. The most favorable locations were identified primarily in the eastern part of Częstochowa Poviat, as well as in the northern municipalities. The proposed methodology provides a ready-to-use, practical solution to the investment challenge of selecting specific cadastral plots for new solar investments. According to the reviewed literature, each of the 40 designated sites could support a photovoltaic farm of an estimated capacity of at least 1 MW. The obtained results provide significant input into the renewable energy investment planning process and emphasize that careful selection of plot locations is crucial for the investment’s success and the region’s sustainable energy transformation.