Effects of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides Infection on Sweet Corn Quality During Postharvest Storage

Sweet corn is highly susceptible to infection by <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> (<i>F. graminearum</i>) and <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> (<i>F. verticillioides</i>) during storage, which substantially compromises its nutritional quality and economic value. However, the specific effects of <i>F. graminearum</i> and <i>F. verticillioides</i> on sweet corn quality during postharvest storage remain poorly understood. This study systematically explored the effects of <i>F. graminearum</i> and <i>F. verticillioides</i> infection on sweet corn quality by evaluating the changes in color, hardness, weight loss rate, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, surface fungal spore count, soluble protein content, and soluble sugar content. Results indicated that the critical time points for visible deterioration were 24 h post-inoculation for <i>F. graminearum</i> and 36 h for <i>F. verticillioides</i>. Compared with the control group, both infections caused significant darkening of kernel color and a marked increase in surface fungal spore counts. Notably, <i>F. verticillioides</i> infection was associated with a significant increase in MDA content, indicating enhanced oxidative stress in infected kernels. These findings elucidate the mechanisms of pathogen-induced quality degradation in sweet corn and provide a scientific basis for preserving and enhancing the value of agricultural products and ensuring food safety.