Effect of Frequency and Amplitude Parameters on the Microstructure and Strength Characteristics of T-Joint Composite Materials for Naval Ship and Aerospace Application

Abstract This study explores the evolution of polymer composites in naval and aerospace applications, specifically their use in high-stress components such as aircraft wings and fuselages. It highlights the impact of resonance on performance and safety, emphasizing the benefits of the vibratory-wet layup technique over traditional methods. This innovative approach improves the fiber–resin interface, reduces voids, and enhances material properties through controlled vibration. Focusing on composite T-joint materials, the research assesses the effects of vibration on mechanical properties using polymer composites, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam, glass fiber, and epoxy resin. These materials were fabricated using both standard and vibratory-wet layup methods to optimize resin distribution and minimize voids. Mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile testing, three-point bending, Shore hardness tests, and water absorption experiments. Advanced machine learning techniques, such as Quantum Neural Networks (QNN) and the Puma Optimization Algorithm (POA), were employed for predictive analysis. The hybrid QNN–POA model proved to be the most accurate, achieving a mean error of just 0.16, surpassing traditional approaches. Experimental results revealed that TJ1 composites, particularly with vibration assistance (W-VA), exhibited the highest load-bearing capacity, reaching 9000 N with 8.36-mm displacement in tensile tests and 13,000 N with 11-mm displacement in bending tests. Although TJ-2 and PVC composites also performed well, they exhibited slightly higher displacements. Overall, the study confirmed TJ-1's superiority for high-load aerospace applications due to its enhanced strength and minimal displacement under vibration.