Revealing the topological nature of entangled orbital angular momentum states of light
Topology has emerged as a fundamental property of many systems yet mostly limited to low dimensions. Here, we reveal the hidden topology in entangled states carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), in arbitrary dimensions. For two-dimensional systems, we demonstrate multiple skyrmion topologies and their equivalence to 't Hooft-Polyakov magnetic monopoles, experimentally connecting them to the Higgs field. In higher dimensions, we use non-Abelian gauge fields of SU(d) Yang-Mills theory to predict a rich tapestry of topological maps and their invariants, which we confirm experimentally for dimensionality up to seven, showing an underlying topology of 48 dimensions and a topological spectrum spanning over 17000 invariants. In addition to inducing robustness to perturbation, the topological spectrum enables probing them, by observing their emergent signatures in its non-topological spaces. The only degree of freedom we use to construct the topology is OAM, breaking away from the optical paradigm of polarisation-based spin-textured fields and forgoing the need for quantum state engineering. Our theoretical framework can be extrapolated to any dimension and degree of freedom, opening a distinct path for finding topologies in light.
Authors
- B. Lu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5554-5428)
- Andrew Forbes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2552-5586)
- Isaac M. Nape (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9517-6612)
- Pedro Ornelas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5663-0675)
- Robert de Mello Koch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8129-6242)
- Neelan Gounden
Institutions
- University of the Witwatersrand (ZA)
- Huzhou Normal University (CN)
- National Institute for Theoretical Physics (ZA)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2025-12-12
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66066-3
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.49