Novel Trinorditerpene from Dysoxylum parasiticum (Osbeck) Kosterm: Leaf Extract with Cytotoxic, Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities

Natural products derived from plants have been extensively developed as alternative medicines due to their relatively minimal side effects. Here we present the purification and characteristics of parasitic acid, a novel trinorditerpene from <i>Dysoxylum parasiticum</i> leaf extract, and investigate various bioactivities. The structure of this compound was elucidated using extensive spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, which revealed a unique trinorditerpene skeleton featuring a 3-carboxyfuran moiety. The purified trinorditerpene exhibited cytotoxicity against MCF-7 (IC₅₀ 29.0 ± 0.8 μg/mL), antioxidant effects in the DPPH radical scavenging assay (IC₅₀ 10.91 ± 0.04 μg/mL), and inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme (IC₅₀ 36 ± 1 μg/mL). Docking studies were also undertaken to explore the binding activities. This is the first report of a trinorditerpene-type diterpene from <i>D. parasiticum</i> with this unique combination of biological activities.