Demonstration of a code coupling framework for modeling beam-collimator impacts in the advanced photon source

The high-brightness beams being produced in current and future accelerators present new machine protection concerns with the potential for high-energy-density (HED) conditions ( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mo>&gt;</a:mo> <a:mn>100</a:mn> <a:mtext> </a:mtext> <a:mtext> </a:mtext> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">J</a:mi> <a:mo>/</a:mo> <a:msup> <a:mi>mm</a:mi> <a:mn>3</a:mn> </a:msup> </a:math> ) in beam-intercepting components. Simulating HED conditions in accelerators requires utilizing a suite of physics codes for particle dynamics, particle-matter interactions, and hydrodynamics. This paper describes a method of coupling the codes , , and to simulate the effects of a rapid beam loss in the advanced photon source storage ring and the resulting interaction of the beam and collimators. This paper expands previous work [J. Dooling , Collimator irradiation studies at the advanced photon source, in Proceedings of the IBIC-2023 (2023), pp. 245–249] by introducing a definition of the evolving geometry of the collimator surface as well as providing methods for simulating the absorption of synchrotron radiation and tracking shower particles produced during beam strikes. We demonstrate this framework by simulating machine conditions of the APS ring before and after its recent upgrade. Simulation results are compared with observed damage to collimators and test samples taken from the APS ring.