Gas-liquid-solid contact condition-enforced immersed boundary method for simulating complex multiphase flows with curved and moving boundaries

Numerical simulations of gas-liquid-solid (GLS) interactions play a significant role in many essential areas; however, several challenges related to boundary conditions and mass conservation remain. We present a GLS contact condition-enforced immersed boundary method for simulating multiphase flow problems with curved and moving boundaries. This method has been validated by simulating many challenging GLS problems, indicating that it can accurately enforce Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions and efficiently restrain nonphysical liquid/mass penetrations near the solid surfaces. The present method is also applied to more complex GLS problems at large density ratios O(${10}^{3}$).