Asynchronous vector solitons with tailored oscillation periods in mode-locked fiber lasers

We report the observation of two distinct types of vector solitons, characterized by asynchronous periodic oscillation behavior in a mode-locked fiber laser. This phenomenon is prevalent in mode-locked fiber lasers but has remained insufficiently investigated. Our observations reveal that the nonsynchronized dynamics manifest as a periodic evolution of the polarization state for vector solitons. The evolution of the polarization state is retrieved through both experimental measurement and numerical simulation. Furthermore, we propose a universal approach for quantitatively tailoring the oscillation periods of asynchronous vector solitons. The experimental observations are in close agreement with both theoretical and numerical results. This work advances the understanding of complex soliton dynamics in nonlinear dissipative systems.