Typifications of 42 Mesoamerican names in Gesneriaceae, illustrated with type specimens and field images

In preparation for the Gesneriaceae treatment in Flora Mesoamericana vol. 5(1), we review the typification of names applied to Mesoamerican taxa and designate lectotypes or neotypes for 42 names accepted in our treatment. Many earlier typifications-particularly for names published by Hanstein and based on material once at B (Berlin) and destroyed during WWII-were incomplete or ineffective under the International Code of Nomenclature (Madrid Code). We correct these by making second-step lectotypifications where required, clarifying typification statements in the literature, and selecting replacement types when original material is missing. All taxa are illustrated by digitized type specimens and other photographic evidence such as field images from the authors or conspecific iNaturalist records. The resulting typifications stabilize nomenclature across the following genera for Mesoamericana: <i>Achimenes</i>, <i>Besleria</i>, <i>Cobananthus</i>, <i>Columnea</i>, <i>Drymonia</i>, <i>Gasteranthus</i>, <i>Moussonia</i>, <i>Niphaea</i>, <i>Rufodorsia</i>, <i>Rhynchoglossum</i>, <i>Smithiantha</i>, and <i>Solenophora</i>.