Balanced Concessions in Water Infrastructure: Economics, Institutions, and Public Interest Protection

The article analyzes the systemic problems of implementing concession agreements in the field of water infrastructure in Russia, using the example of a failed project in Saratov. The authors show how the lack of a balance between the interests of the investor, the state, and society leads to project failures, losses, and a decline in the quality of services. In response, they propose a model of "balanced concession" based on transparent pricing, fair risk distribution, linking payments to the achievement of key sustainable development indicators, and an active role for the state as a competent partner. This approach helps to increase the investment attractiveness of the industry, modernize outdated infrastructure, and protect public and environmental interests.