Two-stage surveillance of <i>Legionella</i> in environmental water: Optimized multiplex TaqMan qPCR for pathogen detection followed by antimicrobial resistance gene identification

This optimized multiplex real-time PCR assay offers a rapid, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective alternative to culture for <i>Legionella</i> surveillance. The detection of antimicrobial resistance genes highlights potential emerging resistance risks, underscoring the need for integrated molecular and resistance monitoring. Implementation of this approach can strengthen outbreak preparedness and improve water safety management in high-risk settings.