Spatial assessment of heat-health risk among vulnerable populations in Greater Perth: integrating hazard, exposure and vulnerability indicators

Purpose Heatwaves severely impact human health, leading to a surge in heat-related fatalities. This study aims to develop a spatially explicit heat health risk assessment for Greater Perth that integrates hazard, exposure and vulnerability indicators; quantifies their relative contributions; and identifies the neighbourhoods where vulnerable populations face the greatest risk. Design/methodology/approach This research used a quantitative, indicator-based approach using remote sensing, meteorological observations and census data. Heat-health risk indicators were constructed using fuzzy logic normalization and spatial overlay techniques consistent with the IPCC (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) risk framework. Findings The resulting heat risk map revealed that much of Perth is characterized by high land surface temperature classes during hot days of summer, forming an extensive heat risk zone along the coastal plain. Vulnerable populations, particularly in the outskirts of residential areas, are at elevated risk. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of high-risk demographic, socio-economic, health-related and biophysical indicators varied significantly across the region. Practical implications The findings offer actionable insights for urban planners and policymakers, allowing them to identify and prioritize high-risk areas and tailor heatwave risk management strategies to local conditions. Social implications By revealing spatial disparities in heatwave vulnerability, the study supports more equitable planning efforts that target at-risk populations and promote climate resilience in disadvantaged communities. Originality/value This study introduces a comprehensive, spatially explicit approach to heatwave risk assessment using novel and integrated indicators within the IPCC framework. It highlights the importance of moving beyond simplistic demographic metrics to more accurately assess vulnerability at the neighbourhood level.