First Spectrofluorimetric Method for Sensitive Determination of Armodafinil in Dosage Forms and Human Plasma: Greenness, Blueness, and Whiteness Assessment

A novel, sensitive, and reliable spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of a unique antinarcoleptic drug armodafinil in human plasma and dosage forms was developed for the first time. The proposed method is based on the formation of a highly yellow fluorescent derivative through the reaction of the studied drug with acetylacetone and formaldehyde in an acetate buffer (pH 4.5), yielding a strong emission at 485 nm following excitation at 415 nm. The experimental variables that affected the one-pot synthesis were investigated and optimized. The calibration curve demonstrated a linear relationship over a concentration range of 0.2-2.0 μg/mL, with low detection and quantitation limits of 0.03 and 0.09 μg/mL, respectively. The designed method was validated following the ICH guidelines, permitting precise analysis of the studied drug in its tablets and human plasma samples with high recovery. Furthermore, the environmental sustainability of the suggested method was assessed using contemporary tools for greenness, whiteness, and blueness evaluation. The results demonstrated that the method possesses excellent eco-friendly characteristics, highlighting its strong alignment with the principles of green analytical chemistry.