Evaluating the swimming technique analysis: a multi-criteria decision approach using hesitant bipolar fuzzy with a GRA approach

Modern technology has played a significant role in improving the analysis and training of swimming, providing more accurate results. Also, finding the best swimming technique is still complicated because there are conflicting standards and uncertainty among experts. This study builds a decision framework using hesitant bipolar fuzzy sets (HBFS) and the grey relational analysis (GRA) method to deal with expert hesitations and bipolar opinions. Freestyle, breaststroke, butterfly, backstroke, and sidestroke are tested against what they accomplish in terms of speed, energy they use, how smooth they look during execution, and the efficiency of their breathing. Based on the HBFS-GRA approach, the experts considered the butterfly stroke the most suitable technique. The new process increases objectivity and makes decisions in sports science less vague. This study also recognizes some challenges, including using experts' subjective opinions, missing data, and the need to regularly update the analysis due to the quick development of sports technologies. In the future, the system could be enhanced by including data from wearable devices and discussion with artificial intelligence, as well as by adapting it to cover different sports disciplines. This research promotes using data and well-structured models to assess athlete performance.