Detection of PSMA-avid Hematologic Malignancies in Patients Undergoing Prostate Cancer Staging With PSMA-PET Scan

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET scans have evolved as an essential modality in the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. PSMA avidity has been detected in additional non-prostate tissues, the significance of which is still not fully understood. Our case series highlights 4 cases from the Brown Health patient population where non-prostate PSMA avidity was found to represent hematologic malignancy. In 3 of our cases, subsequent biopsy confirmed lymphoma at PSMA-avid sites. In another case, a previously known lymphoma was demonstrated as PSMA-avid on prostate cancer staging PSMA-PET scan. These cases highlight the potential use of PSMA-PET as a diagnostic adjunct in lymphoma and raise questions regarding the possible use of anti-PSMA therapy in these malignancies.