Understanding of cervical cancer etiology, prevention, and early diagnosis by allied health professional [AHP] students in India

Cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women in India, despite being largely preventable through vaccination, early diagnosis, and timely treatment. Allied Health Professional (AHP) students- future nurses, lab technicians, and public health workers, are uniquely positioned to support cervical cancer control efforts through awareness generation and screening facilitation. This study aimed to assess the understanding of cervical cancer etiology, prevention, and early diagnosis among AHP students in India and to identify gaps in knowledge and practice relevant to public health engagement. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire developed with input from oncology, nursing, and public health experts. The survey comprised four sections: demographic details; knowledge of cervical cancer etiology; attitudes and awareness of preventive measures (including HPV vaccination and screening); and understanding of early diagnosis within the Indian public health context. Participants were AHP students from various academic programs and years of study across selected institutions in India. Preliminary findings indicated moderate awareness of cervical cancer risk factors and etiology, with better recognition of HPV as a causative agent among final-year students. However, knowledge of HPV vaccination guidelines, practical exposure to screening tools and participation in community outreach activities were limited. Notably, vaccine hesitancy and stigma surrounding reproductive health were commonly cited challenges. The study highlights the need for curricular reforms, hands-on training, and community-based learning modules in AHP programs. Strengthening AHP education and engagement can significantly contribute to India’s efforts to reduce cervical cancer burden and meet WHO elimination targets.