Multifunctional PES-based nanocomposites: from water treatment membranes to effective radiation shielding materials

Abstract In this study, novel composite membranes based on polyethersulfone (PES) reinforced with nano-copper (N-Cu) particles were developed using the phase inversion method. The primary aim was to enhance water treatment performance, while simultaneously evaluating their potential as lightweight radiation shielding materials, thus providing a dual-functional platform. The prepared membranes were systematically characterized using FTIR, SEM, TEM, EDX, TGA, as well as adsorption tests and contact angle measurements. Results revealed successful and homogeneous dispersion of N-Cu within the PES matrix, leading to significant improvements in surface and hydrophilic properties. The contact angle decreased from 59.7° to 36.5°, confirming enhanced wettability, while the pure water flux (PWF) increased dramatically from 28 LMH for pristine PES to 135 LMH for PES/N-Cu FSM, indicating nearly a fivefold enhancement. Additionally, the PES/N-Cu FSM exhibited superior adsorption capacity toward pollutants (methylene blue), achieving ~ 25% higher removal efficiency compared to pristine PES. Radiation shielding performance was further assessed using Monte Carlo (MCNP) simulations validated by EpiXS software. The results confirmed that PES/N-Cu FSM displayed significantly higher linear attenuation coefficients than pristine PES, with effective shielding against γ-rays and fast neutrons up to 15 MeV. The incorporation of nano-copper increased the effective density and photon interaction probability, thereby improving radiation attenuation while maintaining lightweight characteristics. Overall, PES/N-Cu FSM demonstrates a unique dual functionality by combining efficient water purification with effective radiation shielding. This positions it as a promising candidate for applications in medical, industrial, and environmental fields where both clean water and radiation protection are simultaneously required.