S6354 Malignant Melanoma of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Case Report

Introduction: Malignant melanoma (MM) is an aggressive tumor originating from melanocytes and represents the deadliest form of skin cancer globally. Risk factors include ultraviolet exposure, prior melanoma, and family history. While MM often metastasizes to local lymph nodes before affecting distant sites like the lungs and brain, it is also among the most common malignancies to metastasize to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. GI metastases can be asymptomatic but may present with abdominal pain, weight loss, nausea, obstruction, gastrointestinal bleeding, or chronic anemia. Case Description/Methods: A 31-year-old man with chronic alcohol use was admitted with a 2-week history of abdominal pain, nausea, and loss of appetite. On examination, he exhibited tachycardia, hypotension, jaundice, scleral icterus, epigastric and right upper quadrant tenderness, along with a notable left auricular mass. Lab results indicated hyponatremia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, transaminitis, and hyperbilirubinemia. Computed tomography imaging revealed numerous hepatic nodules, peripancreatic lymphadenopathy, and ascites, raising suspicion for metastatic disease. Oncology recommended biopsy of the auricular mass. During hospitalization, the patient's anemia worsened, necessitating multiple transfusions. Gastroenterology consultation led to an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), which revealed scattered pigmented nodules throughout the stomach. Biopsy confirmed metastatic malignant melanoma. Unfortunately, the patient and his family opted for hospice care, and he passed away shortly after the transition. Discussion: GI melanoma can be primary or metastatic, with primary tumors most frequently arising in the anorectal region (53%) and less commonly in the stomach (3%) or small intestine (2%). In this case, the cutaneous lesion likely served as the primary site. Diagnosis of GI metastasis is challenging due to non-specific symptoms and varied imaging presentations, especially in patients with comorbidities. Early detection through endoscopy or capsule endoscopy is crucial when GI symptoms arise in melanoma patients. The prognosis for metastatic GI melanoma is poor, with a 10% 5-year survival rate for stage IV disease compared to 97% for stage 0. This underscores the importance of early detection and intervention. Surgical resection and modern systemic therapies can offer symptom relief and potentially improve survival in select patients with limited metastatic sites.