AIP-Urban: Edge-Enabled Deep Learning Framework for Predictive Maintenance and Anomaly Detection in Urban Traffic Infrastructure

Urban traffic infrastructures like traffic signals, surveillance cameras, and embedded sensors play an essential role in providing sustainable mobility but are also susceptible to malfunctions, data drift, and degradation from environmental conditions. In this study, we propose AIP-Urban, an edge AI-enabled predictive maintenance framework that employs deep spatio-temporal learning with continuous anomaly detection for smart transportation systems. Our framework integrates IoT sensing, computer vision, and time-series analytics to identify and forecast infrastructure failures before they occur. For visual and numerical anomalies (e.g., traffic signal outage, abrupt congestion, sensor disconnection), we employ a hybrid CNN–Transformer model, while we utilise a Temporal LSTM predictor to estimate a degradation trend to predict maintenance events within 24 h. The models are deployed on Jetson Nano edge devices to enable real-time processing under energy constraints. Extensive simulation studies using datasets from SUMO, CityCam, and UA-DETRAC show that AIP-Urban achieved 94% accuracy for anomaly detection (F1 = 0.94), with RMSE = 0.11 for failure prediction and an edge inference latency of 72 ms, while power consumption remained below 7.8 W. Statistical tests (Wilcoxon p < 0.05) show goodness-of-fit compared to baseline models of CNN, LSTM, and Transformer only. This study shows promise in improving the reliability, safety, and sustainability of urban traffic using proactive, explainable, and energy-aware AI at the edge. AIP-Urban serves as a reproducible reference architecture for future AI-driven transportation maintenance systems that is aligned with intelligent and resilient smart cities principles.