Polarization manipulation of electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness utilizing graphene film-based metamaterials

The rapid advancement of the Information Age needs the development of intelligent electromagnetic interference shielding materials that respond to real-time environmental alterations. Herein, we illuminate the electromagnetic interference shielding mechanisms of carbon-based materials and verify the feasibility of transitioning from microscopic structural models to macroscopic electromagnetic equivalent circuit models. More importantly, we extend classical electromagnetic equivalent circuit theory (traditionally applied to metals) to advanced carbon materials with microstructures, such as graphene films. This shift in theoretical approach not only elucidates the shielding and polarization manipulation mechanism, but also develops electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness manipulation serialized metamaterials with some high performances: the widest polarization difference manipulation range (enhanced polarization sensitivity, 1061.60 dB/mm), the highest full polarization shielding (over 99.15%) and the most significant switching efficiency for "On" and "Off" states (3.17%-99.79%), simultaneously. This work offers a promising avenue for advancing intelligent electromagnetic shielding materials.