Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Postbiotics: Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties from Sheep and Goat Sources.

Postbiotics, the non-viable metabolic products of probiotic bacteria, have emerged as promising agents with therapeutic potential due to their safety, stability, and biological activity. This study evaluated postbiotics' antimicrobial and anticancer properties derived from probiotic strains isolated from goats and sheep. Postbiotics were prepared using a sonication-induced cell disruption method and tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae using the Well-diffusion method, Minimum inhibitory concentrations and Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC, and MBC) assays. Anticancer activity of Postbiotics was assessed in vitro against MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) and HT-29 (colorectal carcinoma) cell lines using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The results demonstrated that all postbiotics exhibited notable antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones up to 2.06 ± 0.07 cm and MICs as low as 8 µg/mL. A significant, dose-dependent cytotoxic effect was observed against cancer cells, particularly MCF-7, with minimal toxicity to normal human fibroblasts. These findings highlight the potential of postbiotics as natural antimicrobial and anticancer agents.