Preparation of liposomal linagliptin and improved estimation method for the liposomal drug

The aim of the study is to develop liposomal linagliptin, an anti-diabetic drug, for enhanced drug delivery and reduced side effects. This is achieved by incorporating the drug into liposomes, which are completely absorbed by the body. The liposomes are prepared using a bilayer structure consisting of lecithin and cholesterol. Via the thin film hydration method, the lipid layer covers the drug and holds it within the inner layer to form a fatty vesicle. The main findings indicated that the method is reliable for virtually encapsulating the drug. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) estimated the liposomal linagliptin's dimensions and morphology. According to the SEM results, the liposomal molecules had a spherical morphology with a diameter of 22.60 μm, and the zeta potential value (-44.62 mV) confirmed the formulation's stability. The data obtained from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) also showed that the correlation coefficient (R2) is 0.9993, and achieves accurate separation, yielding consistent results (98.09–100.40%) with drug entrapment efficiency (EE% 93.2%).