Genomic insights into carbapenem resistance and virulence factors relationship in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant opportunistic pathogen that is becoming more resistant to carbapenems due to its varied virulence mechanisms and genetic flexibility. Effective infection control and treatment approaches depend on an understanding of the genetic underpinnings of virulence and resistance. Using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis, this study aimed to determine the genetic characteristics that underlie virulence and carbapenem resistance in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and to evaluate any possible connections between these two characteristics. Methods: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on twelve Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates using the DNBSEQ platform (BGI, China) with paired-end 150 bp reads. High-quality clean reads were obtained using SOAPnuke and assembled with SPAdes. Analysis of resistance and virulence determinants was carried out using ResFinder and ABRicate tools respectively. Results: WGS identified about 240 virulence-associated genes and 73 genes linked to antibiotic resistance. Carbapenem resistance has been linked to oprD gene mutations and deletions. Several efflux pump systems and β-lactamase genes also contributed to multidrug resistance.While virulence genes were associated with adhesion, secretion systems, and biofilm formation.Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis identified five different sequence types (STs) in the 12 isolates of Paeruginosa1/ST235, 2/ST41, 7/ST664, 1/ST773, and 1/ST3452 were among the STs found. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the interaction between carbapenem resistance and virulence while highlighting the genetic complexity and adaptability of P.aeruginosa. These results highlight the necessity of genetic surveillance to direct infection management and enhance therapeutic approaches.