Effect of Royal Jelly against Bisphenol F Induced Testicular Damage in Adult Albino Rats: Role of Kiss 1/GnRH Signaling Pathway (Toxicological, Histological and Immunohistochemical study)

Bisphenol F (BPF) is a recognized environmental contaminant. Royal jelly (RJ) is a honeybee product, has an antioxidant properties. Aim: To evaluate testicular alterations induced by BPF and the probable ameliorative role of RJ. Material and methods: 28 adult albino rats were separated into three groups. Control group, BPF group, and BPF + RJ group. After 4 weeks, we measured serum levels of testosterone, LH, GnRH and TNF-α. Testicular tissue homogenates were utilized for measuring MDA and Kiss-1 gene expression. Testis was prepared for histological and immunohistochemical examination. Results: Group Ⅱ showed decreased levels of LH, testosterone, and GnRH with increased MDA and TNF-α levels. Kiss-1 gene was significantly increased. Group Ⅱ displayed marked deterioration in the histological architecture with vacuolations, dark stained nuclei and loss of the epithelial height. Strong positive NF-KB immunopositivity was detected in most germ cells as well as in Leydig cells. However, few germ cells showed positive nuclear PCNA immunoreactivity. Group Ⅱ showed a loss of the distinctive flame-like vimentin reaction. Group Ⅲ showed improved hormonal profile, displayed decrease in TNF-α and MDA concentrations and a decrease in Kiss-1 gene. It showed an apparent improvement in the histological architecture. PCNA immunoreactive nuclei increased whereas NF-KB immunoreactivity decreased. Also, RJ enhanced vimentin immunoreaction. Conclusion: RJ was able to lessen the testicular damage brought on by BPF. Keywords: Bisphenol F, Royal jelly, Oxidative stress, Inflammation, Kiss-1 gene.