Efficacy of Co enzyme Q10 for Preventing Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis (A Comprehensive Review)

Background: Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) is a frequent and painful complication of radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients. It negatively impacts nutrition, quality of life, and treatment adherence. Objective: This review summarizes and critically appraises current evidence regarding the potential role of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in preventing and managing RIOM. Methods: Literature published between 2015 and 2025 was identified via PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using the keywords ―Coenzyme Q10,‖ ―oral mucositis,‖ ―radiotherapy,‖ and ―antioxidant.‖ Both pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating CoQ10’s protective effects were included. Results: CoQ10 exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, stabilizes mitochondrial function, and promotes epithelial cell repair. Pre-clinical studies demonstrated reduced tissue oxidative damage and improved histological outcomes following radiation exposure. However, clinical evidence in human RIOM is lacking. Challenges include limited bioavailability, undefined dosing regimens, and uncertainty regarding potential interactions with radiotherapy. Conclusion: CoQ10 is a biologically plausible and promising adjunctive agent for RIOM prevention and management. Rigorous, well-designed clinical trials are needed to establish its efficacy, safety, and standardized protocols for use in patients undergoing radiotherapy. Keywords: Coenzyme Q10, radiation-induced oral mucositis, antioxidant therapy, head and neck cancer, mucosal protection.