Antifungal Activity of Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale and Rosmarinus officinalis Against Some Phytopathogen Fungi.

The excess using of chemical fungicides have a great cautions not only for human and animal health but also for the environment and its biological balance. So this study was done to find a natural and green fungicide from C. longa, Z. officinale and R. officinals extracts against three phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum B17, Fusarium solani A40 and Cephalosporium maydis M27. The highest antifungal activity expressed as percentage of mycelium growth inhibition (%PI) was achieved by the curcuma ethanol (CE) and petroleum ether (CPE) extracts with two concentrations 0.5% and 1% gave (39.31% - 51.23% and 34.42% – 42.07%) for Fusarium oxysporum compared with rosemary and ginger extracts. While the lowest (% PI) was the two concentrations 0.5 % and 1% of ginger petroleum ether extract (GPE) (11.06% – 18.12%), respectively. As well as, the major antifungal activity (%IP) against Fusarium solani and Cephalosporium maydis occurred by 1% concentration of curcuma petroleum ether (CPE) and ethanol (CE) extracts (28.71% -27.67%) and (86.66% - 71.85%) respectively compared with the other extracts from rosemary and ginger. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry analyzes (GC-Ms) indicate (43- 27) active compound in ethanol and petroleum ether curcuma extracts, respectively.