OFDM Variants and FPGA Implementation: A Comprehensive Analysis of Algorithm Comparison, Optical Wireless Integration, Neural Network Mapping, and FPGA Realization

This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) variants and their practical implementations across multiple domains to guide future communication system design decisions. This paper investigates algorithm comparison and methodologies for OFDM variants, explore optical wireless communication integration, examine neural network-based OFDM mapping techniques, and demonstrate field-programmable gate array (FPGA) realizations. The primary objectives of this research are threefold, namely: <i>1).</i> to establish comprehensive performance benchmarks for major OFDM variants across key metrics including spectral efficiency, computational complexity, and implementation feasibility; <i>2).</i> to investigate the synergistic benefits of integrating OFDM with optical wireless communication systems; and <i>3).</i> to evaluate the effectiveness of neural network-based signal processing in OFDM applications while demonstrating practical FPGA realizations. Through systematic comparison of conventional OFDM, Filtered-OFDM (F-OFDM), Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC), and Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM), we establish performance benchmarks across spectral efficiency, power consumption, and computational complexity metrics. The optical wireless integration study reveals significant improvements in data transmission rates and energy efficiency. Neural network mapping demonstrates enhanced channel estimation and equalization capabilities, while FPGA implementations provide real-time processing solutions with optimized resource utilization. Experimental results show up to 25% improvement in spectral efficiency and 40% reduction in computational complexity compared to traditional implementations. The findings contribute to the advancement of next-generation wireless communication systems and provide practical implementation guidelines for researchers and engineers.