Flying the Banners of Better Models and Rigorous Calibration of Introspection: Comments on Maja Spener’s Book, Introspection

I engage the challenges Maja Spener introduces in her important book, Introspection. I discuss how attention, in the sense assumed in cognitive science and folk psychology, is involved in all three forms of introspection that Spener discusses, and I raise sceptical questions about one form, inner apprehension, which I argue does not provide any clear epistemic advantage over other scrutable forms of introspection for the theorist needing introspective data. To further discussion along the path Spener has cleared for us, I then summarize a view of introspection which I suggest does not quite fit Spener’s taxonomy.