Enhancing Gravitational-Wave Detection: A Machine Learning Pipeline Combination Approach with Robust Uncertainty Quantification

Gravitational-wave data from advanced-era interferometric detectors consists of background Gaussian noise, frequent transient artifacts, and rare astrophysical signals. Multiple search algorithms exist to detect the signals from compact binary coalescences, but their varying performance complicates interpretation. We present a machine-learning-driven approach that combines results from individual pipelines and utilizes conformal prediction to provide robust, calibrated uncertainty quantification. Using simulations, we demonstrate improved detection efficiency and apply our model to GWTC-3, enhancing confidence in multipipeline detections, such as the subthreshold binary neutron star candidate GW200311_103121.

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Publication Details

Journal
Physical Review Letters
Published
2025-12-04
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/yfb3-fgf2
Primary Topic
Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Enhancing Gravitational-Wave Detection: A Machine Learning Pipeline Combination Approach with Robust Uncertainty Quantification

Karl J. Friston
Physical Review Letters
Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
article

Enhancing Gravitational-Wave Detection: A Machine Learning Pipeline Combination Approach with Robust Uncertainty Quantification

Karl J. Friston
article en

Abstract

Gravitational-wave data from advanced-era interferometric detectors consists of background Gaussian noise, frequent transient artifacts, and rare astrophysical signals. Multiple search algorithms exist to detect the signals from compact binary coalescences, but their varying performance complicates interpretation. We present a machine-learning-driven approach that combines results from individual pipelines and utilizes conformal prediction to provide robust, calibrated uncertainty quantification. Using simulations, we demonstrate improved detection efficiency and apply our model to GWTC-3, enhancing confidence in multipipeline detections, such as the subthreshold binary neutron star candidate GW200311_103121.

Physical Review LettersVol. 136(1)
Royal Holloway University of London (GB)
National Science Foundation, UK Research and Innovation, Science and Technology Facilities Council
Openalex Percentile: Top 73%
Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
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